Now we are trying to apply some new methods to detect the axial force of high-strength bolts to ensure the quality of installation. Here are three new detection methods.

一、标定法

1、 Calibration method

1、现通常所说的拉力标定器就是轴力计。为了保证高强度螺栓连接副的安装质量，在安装现场用于检测轴力的移动式轴力计，由轮辐式压力传感器和与之配套的数字显示仪表组成。2、移动式轴力计主要适用于安装现场，通过与现场施工的力矩施加工具进行施拧后的预紧力对比，以便及时修正现场施拧扭矩。通过移动式的轴力计对现场施拧工具的标定校验，为现场施工质量提供了一定的质量保障。

1. Now commonly referred to as the tension calibrator is the axial force meter. In order to ensure the installation quality of the high-strength bolt connection pair, the mobile axial force meter used to detect the axial force at the installation site is composed of a spoke pressure sensor and a supporting digital display instrument. 2. The mobile axial force meter is mainly applicable to the installation site. By comparing the pre tightening force after screwing with the torque application tool in the field construction, the on-site screwing torque can be corrected in time. The calibration and verification of the on-site screwing tools by the mobile axial force meter provides a certain quality guarantee for the on-site construction quality.

二、应变法

2、 Strain method

1、将应变片贴在被测定物上，使其随着被测定物的应变一起伸缩，这样里面的金属箔材就随着应变伸长或缩短。很多金属在机械性地伸长或缩短时电阻会随之变化。应变片就是应用这个原理，通过测量电阻的变化而对应变进行测定。

1. Stick the strain gauge on the measured object and make it stretch and contract with the strain of the measured object, so that the metal foil inside will stretch or shorten with the strain. The resistance of many metals will change as they mechanically lengthen or shorten. The strain gauge applies this principle to measure the strain by measuring the change of resistance.

2、应变法是利用应变片组成惠斯通电桥的工作原理，然后对其进行封装，形成螺栓轴力传感器装置，然后将传感器安装在螺栓和被连接件的中间，在螺栓和传感器中间放置垫片使传感器受力均匀。由于传感器受到螺栓预紧力的压挤作用，使得传感器内部的应变片发生变化，而产生位移应变。通过上述原理法来测得应变，再由应变和应力之间的关系从而计算出预紧力。

2. Strain method is to use the strain gauge to form the working principle of Wheatstone bridge, and then package it to form a bolt axial force sensor device, and then install the sensor in the middle of the bolt and the connected part, and place a gasket between the bolt and the sensor to make the sensor bear the force evenly. Because the sensor is compressed by the bolt preload, the strain gauge inside the sensor changes, resulting in displacement strain. The strain is measured by the above principle method, and then the preload is calculated from the relationship between strain and stress.

三、超声波测量法

3、 Ultrasonic measurement method

1、人们在理论上对声波与应力关系进行研究探索多年，进入21世纪，市场上已有了螺栓应力超声测量仪。由于超声波应力测量方法可直接测量，且精度高，测量简便，尤其是可以在役状态的螺栓进行定期跟踪检测，所以发展较快。

1. People have studied and explored the relationship between sound wave and stress in theory for many years. In the 21st century, there are bolt stress ultrasonic measuring instruments on the market. Because the ultrasonic stress measurement method can be measured directly, with high accuracy and simple measurement, especially the bolts in service can be tracked and tested regularly, so it develops rapidly.

2、超声应力检测法的计算原理，首先测量有应力状态下和无应力状态下超声波传导来回需要的声时；再用扭矩机、拉伸机分别与超声应力仪对比，量仪得出的结果很好，误差非常小。

2. The calculation principle of ultrasonic stress detection method is to first measure the sound time required for ultrasonic transmission back and forth in stressed and unstressed states; Then the torque machine and the stretching machine are compared with the ultrasonic stress meter respectively. The result of the meter is very good and the error is very small.

3、超声波应力测量仪可以进行螺栓安装过程中的检测和对现行服役螺栓轴力的检测、螺栓在役检测，可以随时监测机件运行的螺栓预紧力，起到保护装备或车辆安全运行的重要作用。

3. The ultrasonic stress measuring instrument can detect the bolt installation process, the axial force of the bolts in service, and the bolt in service. It can monitor the bolt preload of the running parts at any time, and plays an important role in protecting the safe operation of equipment or vehicles.

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